熊猫胡萝卜卡喉饲养员海姆立克施救 原因究竟是什么

11月3日，一名小女孩不慎将整根棒棒糖吞下，一名怀孕八个月的老师立即用海姆立克急救法对其急救，最终将孩子顺利救下日常生活中，我们也常常遇到异物卡喉导致气道梗阻的情况，如果救治不及时，很可能导致窒息死亡的悲剧。

儿童气管较细，更易发生异物堵塞儿童异物阻塞常见，且发作时间非常短，往往五六分钟就能致命据不完全统计，我国每年因气管异物阻塞等导致窒息死亡的儿童近3000名，占儿童意外死亡的90%那儿童为何这么容易发生异物堵塞呢？。

▶儿童牙齿发育不完善，咀嚼功能还不健全，无法将食物充分嚼碎；▶儿童的会厌软骨发育不成熟，功能尚不健全会厌软骨能使食物顺利进入到食道、胃内，以避免食物进入到喉腔、气管、肺，造成呛咳或者窒息的情况发生；

▶儿童对外界事物感到好奇，喜欢啃咬玩具，看到铅笔、纽扣等细小的东西，会忍不住放进嘴里尝一尝，从而导致意外；▶儿童天性活泼，常常在进食时跑、跳、笑和哭闹，极易将异物吸入呼吸道另外，不论是孩子还是成人，如果在吃饭时看视频、讲话、说笑或狼吞虎咽等，都容易发生呛咳或异物堵塞。

而发生异物阻塞时，拍背、抠嗓子等方式都是错误的，正确的处理方式——海姆立克急救法！什么是海姆立克急救法？海姆立克是一名美国的外科医生，通过反复实践，发明了一种腹部冲击法，用于救治急性呼吸道异物堵塞的患者。

这种急救方法后来在世界范围内被广泛应用，称为“海姆立克急救法”这种方法不仅适用于婴幼儿，对于成人、孕妇、意识不清醒的患者同样适用海姆立克急救法的原理是：腹部被突然的冲击，产生向上的压力，压迫两肺下部，从而驱使肺部残留空气形成一股气流。

这股带有冲击性、方向性的长驱直入于气管的气流，就能将堵住气管、喉部的食物硬块等异物驱除，使人获救那海姆立克急救法具体是怎么操作的呢？ 婴幼儿（1岁以下）1、施救者的胳膊放在腿上，用腿作为支撑，让宝宝趴在施救者的左前臂。

施救者用手托住宝宝的下颌，起到固定和开放气道的作用让宝宝保持头部略低于胸部的姿态；2、用右手的掌跟部单手用力拍宝宝肩胛骨连线中间区域5次；

3、将宝宝翻转面部朝上，检查异物是否排出，若未排出，立即用食指和中指按压宝宝胸骨下段5次；

4、重复以上两步操作直至异物排出注意：▶勿将宝宝双脚抓起倒吊，从背部拍打，这不仅无法排出异物，还可能造成颈椎受伤▶在翻转过程中，注意左手要始终托住宝宝的下颌，起到固定颈椎的作用 儿童及成人1、患者站立，双腿。

微微分开，施救者站在病人背后，用两手臂环绕病人的腰部；2、一手握拳，将拳头的拇指一侧放在病人的胸廓和肚脐上面的腹部；3、用另一只手抓住拳头，快速向上重击压迫病人腹部；4、重复以上手法直到异物排出。

注意：▶如果是孕妇或过度肥胖者，两臂无法环绕腰部，可将拳眼置于胸骨下半部分，用同样的方法进行冲击。▶若为儿童，施救者需要在孩子背后蹲下或单腿跪地。

自救 当自己被异物噎住，周围无人时，也可以用海姆立克急救法进行自救，方法同样为一手握拳，拳眼置于脐上两横指，另一手包住拳头，双手快速有力地向内上方冲击自己的腹部或者借助工具，稍稍弯腰，靠在桌子边缘、椅背等固定物体上，用物体边缘压迫自己的腹部直至异物排出。

无意识的病人 使病人仰平卧，施救者面对病人，骑跨在病人的髋部用一只手置于另一只手上，将下面一手的掌跟放在胸廓下脐的腹部，用施救者的重量，快速冲击压迫病人的腹部，重复直至异物排出。

如何预防宝宝异物卡喉窒息另外，即使卡在气管的食物或异物排出来了，宝宝呼吸正常，但是异物卡喉也可能造成气管、支气管甚至肺部的损伤，还可能因为操作手法不当导致宝宝身体的损伤，所以小库建议各位育儿家长在日常生活中要做好预防。

那怎么预防宝宝异物卡喉呢？▶家长选购食材时，要选择易处理且不易卡喉的食材，从根源上避免异物卡喉。

▶家长给宝宝喂食时尽量将食物切细，方便宝宝咀嚼；坚硬的东西如花生、豆类、瓜子等弄碎让孩子吃；给宝宝喂鱼等带骨头的食物时，要注意看好里面不带骨头了再喂，另外在喂食时不要逗孩子笑或打骂孩子▶家长要经常教育宝宝不要随便将东西放入口中，也不要将一些较小的东西放在宝宝身边，以免宝宝放入嘴里。

▶宝宝嘴里有东西时，家长不要让宝宝行走奔跑，也不要逗宝宝说话或大笑，以防误吞异物最后，小库想提醒一下各位家长，安全无小事，希望各位家长认真学习这篇关于“海姆立克急救法”的科普文章，同时也希望你把它转发给更多的家长，以备不时之需。

好啦，本期的回答就结束啦，希望对大家有所帮助！比奶粉，查品牌，看评测，上奶粉智库！如果还想了解更多关于母婴、奶粉、育儿等内容，一定要随时关注奶粉智库的动态，我们链接品牌、渠道、消费者，专注、专业为母婴行业赋能！欢迎点击我们的主页，进入主页搜索相关内容进行查看：

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